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The ''Nairana''-class escort carrier () was a British-built class of three escort carriers. They were constructed one each in England, Scotland and Northern Ireland to the same basic design during the Second World War for service with the Royal Navy. Converted from merchant ships, they were only able to accommodate a composite squadron of about 15–20 aircraft. Their armaments were mainly anti-aircraft weapons, with one twin 4 inch Dual Purpose, Anti Aircraft gun. One of the class, ''Campania'', was the first British carrier to be fitted with an Action Information Organisation (AIO) and a Type 277 Radar able to detect low-level aircraft. Once completed the first carrier did not take part in active service until January 1944, but all three served as convoy escorts during the final year of the war. They had some success during their patrols, and anti-submarine Fairey Swordfish flying from their decks sank and damaged some German U-boats and their fighters succeeded in shooting down German long-range reconnaissance aircraft. ==Design and description== The ''Nairana''-class escort carriers were a class of three escort carriers built for the Royal Navy during the Second World War.〔Cocker (2008), pp.76–78〕 Escort carriers were designed to protect convoys of merchant ships from U-boat and aircraft attack.〔Poolman (1972), p.155.〕 Following the successful conversion and operation of HMS ''Activity'', the Admiralty decided to take over three more merchant ships while they were still under construction and convert them into escort carriers.〔Poolman (1972), p.111.〕 The three ships chosen were being built at three different shipyards around the United Kingdom, Harland and Wolff in Northern Ireland, Swan Hunter in England and John Brown & Company in Scotland.〔 The prototype was built by John Brown who supplied the other two companies with copies of the plans. The three ships were supposed to be identical but in reality they were all slightly different.〔 ''Nairana'' built by John Brown was launched on 20 May 1943 and completed on 12 December 1943.〔Poolman (1972), pp.111–112.〕 She had a complement of 728 men and displaced . Her other dimensions were a length of , a beam of and a draught of .〔Cocker (2008), p.77.〕 Her aircraft facilities included a flight deck,〔 a hangar by , eight arrestor wires and an aircraft lift by .〔 ''Vindex'' built by Swan Hunter was launched on 4 May 1943 and completed on 3 December 1943.〔 She had a complement of 700 men and displaced . Her other dimensions were a length of , a beam of and a draught of .〔 Her aircraft and her aircraft facilities included a flight deck,〔 a hangar by , six arrestor wires and an aircraft lift by .〔 ''Campania'' built by Harland and Wolff was launched on 17 June 1943 and completed on 9 February 1944.〔 She had a complement of 700 men and displaced . Her other dimensions were a length of , a beam of and a draught of .〔〔 Her aircraft and her aircraft facilities included a flight deck,〔 a hangar by , six arrestor wires and an aircraft lift by .〔Cocker (2008), p.76.〕 Common to all three ships was a traditional rivetted hull, steel flight decks and a closed hangar.〔Poolman (1972), p.112.〕 They had the same propulsion provided by diesel engines connected to two shafts giving 11,000 brake horsepower (BHP), which could propel the ship at .〔 Their armaments concentrated on anti-aircraft (AA) defence and comprised two 4 inch Dual Purpose, AA guns on a twin mount, sixteen 20 mm anti-aircraft cannons on eight twin mounts and sixteen 2 Pounder Pom Pom on four quadruple mounts.〔 Aircraft assigned were either anti-submarine or fighter aircraft, which could be made up of a mixture of the Hawker Sea Hurricane, Grumman Wildcat, Fairey Fulmar or Fairey Swordfish.〔Cocker (2008), p.80.〕 The exact composition of the embarked squadrons depended upon the mission. Some squadrons were composite squadrons for convoy defence and would be equipped with anti-submarine and fighter aircraft,〔Poolman(1972), p.98.〕 while other squadrons working in a strike carrier role would only be equipped with fighter aircraft.〔Morison (2002), p.342.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nairana-class escort carrier」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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